ATTN Section #H3: reports scheduled for Thursday 29th can opt to go today.
The exam is Thursday. Here's the Exam 1 Review, Part 2... Here's your Audio review, Part 1
LHP
1. Kant said we can know the ____ but not the ____ world. Can we?
2. What was Kant's great insight? Is this a credible form of "armchair philosophy"? Or does it also depend on experience?
3. What, according to Kant, is irrelevant to morality? Is it really?
4. Kant said you should never ___, because ___. Kant called the principle that supports this view the ____ _____. Have you ever violated this principle? If so, do you regret it?
5. Who formulated the Greatest Happiness principle? What did he call his method? Where can you find him today? If everyone followed this principle would it be a better world?
6. Who created a thought experiment that seems to refute Bentham's view of how pleasure relates to human motivation? Would you opt for the machine? Why or why not?
7. What did Hegel mean when he spoke of the "owl of Minerva"? What did he think had been reached in his lifetime? What would Socrates say about that?
8. What Kantian view did Hegel reject? What would Kant say?
9. What is Geist? When did Hegel say it achieved self-knowledge? Does this seem supernatural and mystical to you, or could it be naturalistic?
10. What "blind driving force" did Schopenhauer allege to pervade absolutely everything (including us)? Could anyone really know that?
11. What did Schopenhauer say could help us escape the cycle of striving and desire? Is that the only way? Is that cycle really universal?
Weiner ch5
- What was teenage Arthur Schopenhauer's worldview? What sort of world (by contrast with Leibniz/Pangloss) did he think it is? Do you, or have you ever, felt the same way?
- What kind of listening mattered most to Schopenhauer? Do you share his attitude about that?
- In what sense was Schopenhauer an Idealist? What analogy (similar to one I've suggested applies to Leibniz's monads) does Nigel Warburton suggest characterizes it? Does it seem reasonable to you?
- What are some different names philosophers have applied to the allegedly more real (than sensations) world of Ideas? What "dark twist" did Schopenhauer add?
- How did Schopenhauer say we can escape Will and "shake off the world"? Do you want to shake it off?
- What did Schopenhauer have in common with Rousseau? Do you think his affection-starved childhood may have contributed to his eventual philosophy?
- How does art differ from pornography, on S's view? What's your view?
- Weiner thinks Schopenhauer's Will made manifest in our time is what? Do you agree?
HWT
1. What one word most characterizes the ideal Chinese way of life?
2. Western suspicion of hierarchy is built on what?
3. What did the late Archbishop Tutu say was "the greatest good"?
4. What omission in western ethics would seem bizarre to the classical Chinese thinkers?
5. What is the most famous Confucian maxim?
6. Virtue is never solitary, said Confucius, it always has ____.
FL
1. How, according to Scientific American in 1915, are motion pictures like drugs?
2. What came into existence simultaneously with America and created the concept of celebrity?
3. What place did film critic Pauline Kael call a "fantasy-brothel"?
6. Who created a thought experiment that seems to refute Bentham's view of how pleasure relates to human motivation? Would you opt for the machine? Why or why not?
ReplyDeleteRobert Nozick created a thought experiment to refute Bentham’s point of view. He said that if there were a machine that you could plug into to create a blissful state of existence, many people would not want to be permanently plugged into it even though it created the greatest “happiness” because there are other aspects of real life more valuable than perfect bliss. I would not opt for the machine. Pain can often build strong character, and it would be difficult to recognize the true joys of life if you never experienced any hardship.
What was teenage Arthur Schopenhauer's worldview? What sort of world (by contrast with Leibniz/Pangloss) did he think it is? Do you, or have you ever, felt the same way?
He was incredibly pessimistic person and thought the world was created by an evil being who had in mind to torture its inhabitants. While I have not personally felt this way, I think there are many incredibly evil situations happening in the world right now and in the past that could lead someone to that conclusion.
FL 2
ReplyDeleteNewspapers and Magazines came into existence simultaneously with America and created the concept of celebrity.
It’s kind of weird to think of a world before celebrities. I guess the “celebrities” before newspapers and magazines were probably the King and Queen. I understand the early appeal to have more “common people” become the center of attention, especially in a young America that wanted to be as separate as possible from the European monarchy. However, the current obsession with celebrities is getting a bit out of hand. I remember seeing a TikTok about a woman who filled her Google calendar with all the places that Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce were going to be and for how long. Personally, I think that’s a little nuts, the way people idolize celebrities and have a need to know their every move.
It is said that the first "modern" celebrity was Sarah Bernhardt. She was a french actress, businesswoman, a fashion icon, a sculptor, theater director, a visionary, a courtesan, and a pusher of gender boundaries.
DeleteYea, I agree. It is getting a little obnoxious the way people fixate on celebrities. The idea is interesting because like you said, the appeal is that you don't have to have a certain family lineage or any history really to be a celebrity. That's why we have the phrase "coming from nothing" and I think that's also why there is such a large draw for "ordinary" people to try to make a public name for themselves.
DeleteFL 3
ReplyDeletePauline Kael called Los Angeles a “fantasy-brothel” because you can live out any fantasy you choose there.
I think that’s still pretty true. Many people move to Southern California for its opportunities and for its more liberal areas.
A name for LA that I find misleading is "City of Angels." If there was a city that I would NEVER consider a place of angels, it would be LA. Everyone I've ever met from their and the surrounding area have always said that LA is one of the most morally doomed places on the planet.
Delete^^^ Carly Coleman H01
DeleteLHP 4
ReplyDeleteKant said you should never lie because you can’t make a general principle that everyone should always lie when it suited them. He believed lying was always morally wrong, and he called the principle that supports this view the Categorical Imperative.
HO2- FL 2. Along with the rise of celebrities there came the rise of mass media. This mass media continued to be a breeding ground for American fantasies and illusions about everything. Likewise, the rise of mass media and the celebrity has led to idolization of people that we don't even know.
ReplyDeleteWeiner 4. Plato- realms of ideas / world of forms; Kantian- noumenal realm; Hindu- brahman. Schopenhauer brought up the idea of a "will" to live stating that there is a force that is driving our perpetual suffering. Likewise, its rather pessimistic in comparison to other philosophers.
3. What, according to Kant, is irrelevant to morality? Is it really? He said emotion is irrelavant to morality. However, I agree more with Aristotle in that emotions definitely play a role. I don’t think that “morality” should be confined to doing something because it is your “duty.”
ReplyDelete5. Who formulated the Greatest Happiness principle? What did he call his method? Where can you find him today? If everyone followed this principle would it be a better world? Jeremy Bentham formulated the Greatest happiness principle, also known as utilitarianism. He called his method for calculating happiness the Felicific Calculcus. Today, you can find him at the University College London in a glass case. I don’t believe it would be a better world because it would make everyone too selfish which is not productive in building a better world.
ReplyDeleteLHP
ReplyDelete3. What, according to Kant, is irrelevant to morality? Is it really?
Kant says that emotions are irrelevant to morality. I don't agree with this idea because I believe that emotions will majority of the time be a reason why someone does something.
FL
2. What came into existence simultaneously with America and created the concept of celebrity?
Newspapers and magazines came into existence simultaneously with America and created the concept of celebrity.
3. What place did film critic Pauline Kael call a "fantasy-brothel"?
Pauline Kael called Los Angeles a fantasy-brothel.
I also agree that emotions are particularly relevant to morality. Without emotions, we would have nothing to base our morals on as we wouldn't be able to feel anything.
DeleteJaylin Moore, H01.
ReplyDelete4. Kant claimed that lying was always wrong based on a principle he called the Categorical Imperative. He believed that people should always act in accordance with their moral duty, no matter the circumstances. Allowing any form of lie would lead to the idea that everyone should lie whenever it benefits them to, so he believed that any lie was therefore morally wrong. Unfortunately for Kant, violations of this principle are very commonplace in today's society; the concept of the white lie has been thoroughly normalized. I'm sure I've violated Kant's principles countless times, but lying for the sake of social niceties is so commonplace and unremarkable now that no lie I've told has stuck with me enough for me to remember any specific examples.
Hannah Ferreira H01
ReplyDelete1. Kant said we can know the ____ but not the ____ world. Can we?
Kant said we can know the phenomenal world but not the noumenal world. We can know both. Religion allows for people to know, at least in some sense of the word, the noumenal world, whatever they believe in. For me, it is the God of the Bible and all that He has ordained throughout time. However if I were to take the atheist point of view, I would argue the same point as Kant. If you assume that everything came from nothing, then you really don’t have anything outside the physical world to experience or try to experience.
2. What was Kant's great insight? Is this a credible form of "armchair philosophy"? Or does it also depend on experience?
His great insight was that we can discover features of our own minds that tint all our experiences. I don’t know about this one. This seems like a basic feature of formal operational thinking, that we recognize where our perspectives come from and what they may have been shaped by. Obviously, it depends on experience, but I think anyone can realize this.
3. What, according to Kant, is irrelevant to morality? Is it really?
He said emotions were irrelevant to morality. I would generally agree, but I think our emotions can be an indicator that can point us in the right direction. They’re just a tool that we can use.
HWT #1
ReplyDeleteWhat one word most characterizes the ideal Chinese way of life? Life is Harmony.
I think this is interesting because it has kind of a positive connotation to it but there is so much negative history within the Chinese way of life.
Delete2. We could, by the power of reason, discover features of our own minds that tint all our experience. Sitting in an armchair, we could make discoveries about reality that had to be true, yet weren’t just true by definition: they could be informative. I think experience matters as well since a lot of what we learn in life, like right and wrong, is often through experiencing through failure.
ReplyDelete4. You should never lie because you couldn’t make a general principle that everyone should always lie when it suited them. I violate this sometimes when I feel necessary. I don’t have much regret when I do though.
10. Will is the blind driving force that is found in absolutely everything that exists. I don’t think anyone could really know for certain.
H02- Will Slaughter-
ReplyDelete3. Kant claimed that emotions are irrelevant to morality, but I would argue this to be quite false. I see many people saying that our morality stems from the emotions we feel, and i would challenge that idea as well and argue that morality informs our emotions. At the core of each individual is an instinctive idea of things that are right and wrong, the obvious ones being killing and stealing, etc; but people also easily recognize when someone does a morally good act. Anyone who sees a man stop his current task to help an old lady cross the street or give a poor person some food or money can agree that these are morally good and noble actions. The existence of these transcendent goods and evils naturally spark happy or sad emotions in the people who are involved or witness them. So therefore morality informs emotions more than emotions inform morality.
H02 - LHP 3
ReplyDeleteKant believed that emotions are irrelevant to morality. I completely disagree, emotions can heavily influence a person's morality. When I see something horrible happening, I'm disgusted and horrified and think that's what happening is morally incorrect.
Adriana Ramirez Speis H03 LHP 4
ReplyDeleteKant said you should never ___, because ___. Kant called the principle that supports this view the ____ _____. Have you ever violated this principle? If so, do you regret it?
You should never lie, because no matter the circumstance, it is “always morally wrong.” Kant called the principle that supports this view the Categorical Imperative. I have lied, and anyone who says they haven’t is wrong because that’s a lie. There are some lies I absolutely do not regret, like when a stranger asks me where I live. Sometimes you do need to lie to protect yourself. Most times, though, I do believe lying can and should be avoided.
Adriana Ramirez Speis H03 LHP 2
ReplyDeleteWhat was Kant's great insight? Is this a credible form of "armchair philosophy"? Or does it also depend on experience? Kant’s great insight was that “by the power of reason” we could discern what causes certain tints. We live life in a way that inhibits us from experiencing it directly. We all have a form of tinted glasses on. The noumenal world is beyond our grasp. By his logic, we could spend time sitting in an armchair and discovering reality. I don't think this approach would be helpful unless we also went out an experienced the world. We cannot sit and analyze the effects of our life and experiences without going out and having experiences to analyze.
Adriana Ramirez Speis H03 LHP 6
ReplyDeleteWho created a thought experiment that seems to refute Bentham's view of how pleasure relates to human motivation? Would you opt for the machine? Why or why not? Robert Nozick created a thought experiment that refutes Bentham’s view of how pleasure relates to human motivation. No, I would not participate in this machine. It’s not reality. You are letting your body, your life and the world around you decay as you become immersed in this fake world. It reminds me of the movie Don’t Worry Darling. I am very scared to see a future where people spend more time in VR than real life. It seems unhealthy for the body and mind.
Adriana Ramirez Speis H03 LHP 10
ReplyDeleteWhat "blind driving force" did Schopenhauer allege to pervade absolutely everything (including us)? Could anyone really know that? Will is the blind driving force that Schopenhauer alleged to pervade absolutely everything. I suppose the response to that question depends upon your definition of will and if you believe it’s possible to know anything for certain. I am someone, unlike Socrates, that believes it is possible to know things for certain. I don’t have the same definition of Will that Schopenhauer has, so I would have to disagree with him.