1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
WGU
1. Being grown-up is widely considered to be what? Do you agree?
2. Is Leibniz's optimism more likely to appeal to a small child? Why? 3
3. What was Kant's definition of Enlightenment? 5
4. What do Susan Neiman's children say she can't understand? Do you agree? 9
5. Why is judgement important? Is this a surprising thing to hear from a Kantian? 11
6. Being a grown-up comes to what? 12
7. What did Paul Goodman say about growing up? Are his observations are still relevant? 19
8. Why (in Neiman's opinion) should you not think this is the best time of your life, if you're a young college student? 20
9. What did Samoan children have that ours lack? 27 Can we fix that?
10. What is philosophy's greatest task? 31
==
NOTE: The following are the wrong questions for today, we'll get to them later. Sorry for the confusion.]
1. After Plato, the next philosopher to turn his attention to the details of child-rearing was who?
2. What's the first step of human reason, according to Kant?
3. If we have hope for moral progress, what do we want for the next generation?
4. What was Orwell's nightmare?
5. What "perfidious reversal leaves us permanently confused"?
6. What are you committed to, if you're committed to Enlightenment?
7. What is freedom, according to Rousseau and Kant?
5. What "perfidious reversal leaves us permanently confused"?
6. What are you committed to, if you're committed to Enlightenment?
7. What is freedom, according to Rousseau and Kant?
8. What's the key to whether or not we grow up?
==
Discussion Questions
WGU
WGU
- Should philosophers pay more attention to child-rearing and parenting? 36
- What do you think Cicero meant by saying that philosophy is learning to die?
- Do you feel fully empowered to "choose your life's journey"? If not, what obstacles prevent that? 37
- In what ways do you think your parents' occupations influence the number of choices you'll be able to make in your life?
- If you've read 1984 and Brave New World, which do you find the more "seductive dystopia"? 39
- Are we confused about toys and dreams? 40
- Do others make the most important decisions for you? 41
- Do you "make a regular appointment with your body"? 42
- Do you trust anyone over 30? 45
- Is it "reasonable to expect justice and joy"? 49
- Are you "committed to Enlightenment"? 51
- Do the passions for glory and luxury make us wicked and miserable? 53
- What does it mean to say there are no atheists in foxholes? Is it true? 54
- Was Rousseau right about inequality and private property? 55
- Should philosophy be taught to children, so as to become thinking adults? 57
- Should children "yield to the commands of other people"? 61
- Should parents "let the child wail"?
- Are Rousseau and Kant right about the true definition of freedom? 62
- Is Rousseau right about desire? 65
- Did Rousseau's abandonment of his children discredit his thoughts on child-rearing? 69 Or show him to be a hypocrite for saying no task in the world is more important than raising a child properly? 72
1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
ReplyDeleteRawls called the experiment 'The Original Position,' its primary device would be the 'veil of ignorance.'
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
The only circumstances were people could get more money is when they were poorer. So if the poorest man in a bank got an extra 10,000$ it was fine because he was benefiting from the rich banker.
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
The imitation game was the original name for now what we call the Turing test for artificial intelligence. A tester is in one room typing having a conversation but they don't know if it's another person typing on the other end or a computer generating its own answers. If the tester can't determine if it's a human or computer responding to them then the computer won the game. If it won the game then it would be decided that it is intelligent. Searle's Chinese room example is meant to show that if a computer did pass the game it didn't actually understood anything.
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
To understand something you give it meaning, without meaning its not an actual thought a person can relate what they are saying with real life experience and semantics while a computer can only imitate it.
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
People will transfer their mind into a computers drive, after their body has turned to mush, and the drive can make their thoughts/mind keep running.
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
We should give away portions of our wealth/income to the kids/adults in third world countries who are in need, and whose illness and hunger could be cured quite easily. Like to charities who has good reputations and try and have a genuine influence on other peoples lives.
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
He first became famous because of his influential books about the treatment of animals.
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
He is constantly challenging widely held assumptions.
1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
ReplyDelete"The Original Position." The device is choosing without knowing your own place.
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
If a rich person is making a lot of money, the poor people should receive some money from that if they contributed.
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
It was a test for AI. A tester is in a room and they don't know if they are talking to a computer or an AI. The AI passes if it seems human. Searle created an idea that might suggest AI may not understand what it is doing and therefore not be intelligent.
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
To not mimic things, and understand the meaning behind something. AI and computers only understand syntax not semantics.
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
We may be able to transfer our minds to computers to become immortal.
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
We should sacrifice some luxuries to help others.
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
He is controversial for his ways of thinking. But also his books. and treatment of animals.
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
Caring about life and suffering, and trying to limit it. He challenges beliefs.
- Kelly Molloy #13
LHP
ReplyDelete1."Original Position" Choosing without knowing your own place
2. If rich people make a lot of money, the poor people should get some of it
3. Test for AI. AI may not understand its actions and is not intelligent
4. Not mimicking, and understanding the meaning behind things. AI only understands syntax
5. Transferring our minds to computers, reaching immortality
6.Sacrifice some luxuries too help the population
7. Controversial thinking, but his books and animal treatment were positives.
8.He cared about life and suffering, limiting it and challenging beliefs.
1. ‘The Original Position’ and its primary device was to design a better society without knowing your position in society.
ReplyDelete2. If people receive different amounts of money, then this inequality is only allowed if it directly helps the worst off.
3. The Imitation Game was a test to see if you could tell the difference between AI and a person and if you could not, the computer would pass. John Searle devised a thought to oppose it.
4. According to Searle, truly understanding something is to not mimic things, but to understand the meaning of the thing. You need sematics as well as syntax.
5. By transferring our minds in computers.
6. We should sacrifice some of our luxuries for others.
7. Singer first became famous because of his influential books about the treatment of animals and his controversial opinions.
8. He is constantly challenging his and others opinions.
#10
ReplyDelete1. John Rawls created the thought experiment called “The Original Position.” The primary device used in this thought experiment is known as the Veil of Ignorance.
2. Rawl’s Difference Principle permits inequality, but only if it directly helps the worst off.
3. The Imitation Game, otherwise known as the Turning Test for AI, was created by Alan Turing and is used to determine if a computer is intelligent in the way that a human being can be.
4. According to John Searle, semantics is required to truly understand something because without semantics there are no meanings to the symbols or rules.
5. Some philosophers believe that computers really do think and that one day it will be possible to transfer our human brains into computers. When we die our minds could be uploaded into a computer and it could carry on working long after our body was buried or cremated.
6. According to Peter Singer we should we should give up one or two of the luxuries that we don’t really need to help people who are unfortunate about where they were born. We should also be donating to trusted charities to help pay for vaccinations and other medicines.
7. Peter Singer first became famous because of his influential book called “Animal Liberation” which is about the treatment of animals and how we should take animal suffering seriously.
8. Like Socrates, Peter Singer takes risks when he makes public statements about how we should live. He represents the very best tradition in philosophy because he is constantly challenging widely held assumptions. His philosophy is something that he lives by and implements in his day-to-day life and when he disagrees with other people he is always prepared to challenge other people’s opinions and engage in public discussion.
Q1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
ReplyDeleteA1. "Original Position"
Q2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
A2. If people receive different amounts of money, then this inequality is only allowed if it directly helps the worst off.
Q3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
A3. Turning Test; John Searle.
Q4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
A4. Not mimicking, but understanding the meaning behind things.
Q5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
A5. Transferring our minds to computers.
Q6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help strangers?
A6. Luxuries.
Q7. Why did Singer first become famous?
A7. Controversial thinking.
Q8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
A8. He is constantly challenging his and others opinions.
#11
ReplyDelete1. "The Original Position"
2. The Difference Principle. People received different amounts of money only if it directly helps the poor.
3. Turing Test: a test to see if a computer is as intelligent as a human. John Searle
4. Syntax and Semantics. Provide rules and give meaning
5. Transferring our minds into computers
6. sacrifice our luxuries
7. Challenged serval widely views with his controversial thinking's.
8. Constantly taking risk and challenging others views
13
ReplyDelete1. The Original Position
2. The Difference Principle, is if people receive different amounts of money only if it helps the less fortunate
3. The Turning Test, John Searle
4. Semantics are a requirement to understand something because without them the symbols and rules have no meaning
5. Transferring our minds into computers
6. Our Luxuries
7. He became famous for his book about animal suffering and his controversial thinking.
8. He constantly challenges and questions other views.
13
ReplyDelete1. The original Position refers to the idea of creating a better socioeconomic ecosystem without knowing where in it you fall
2. The Difference Principle refers to the idea that people should only get different amounts of money if it benefits those that need it
3. The Imitation game was made to test whether or not AI could mimic/recreate human mannerisms
4. Understanding requires you to know something's meaning rather than mirroring how it works
5. transferring our conscious into computers
6. Our luxuries
7. Book about animal suffering and controversial methods of thought
8. He challenged the views of others.
section 13
ReplyDelete1. John Rawls called the experiment, “The Original Position”, its primary device was choosing without knowing your own position, it takes away the concept of choosing because of our own selfish biases.
2. Rawls’ theory would permit huge inequalities of wealth under the circumstances in which even the poor are taken care of, since some people have so much wealth, they don’t know what to do with it, while others struggle for basic healthcare.
3. The imitation game was an experiment testing if computers, or artificial intelligence, could possibly begin to know more than humans. It was a test that any computer would have to pass. Searle, is the one who devised a thought experiment to oppose it.
4. According to Searle, when truly understanding something, you don’t mimic what you have “learned”, or just memorize patterns like a computer, you understand the meanings behind the concepts.
5. Some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality by transferring our minds into computers.
6. Peter singer says we should sacrifice some luxuries to help our society.
7. Singer first became famous because of his influential books about the treatment of animals.
8. Singer represents the best tradition in philosophy which is challenging widely held assumptions.
cannon cofran #13
ReplyDelete1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
He called it the original position. Its primary device is the veil of ignorance
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
He siad that the only time large inequalities of wealth between people is okay when while the rich are making a large amount of money the poor deserve a portion of that wealth if they had meaningful contributions to the final product
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
It was a test for AI, a person is having a digital conversation with an unknown person in another room the catch is that the person doesn’t know if they are talking to a human or a robot. If the person can’t determine who they’re talking to then the computer won the game. Searle proposed a experiment that opposed it.
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
He claims that you have to give it meaning and without that meaning its a real thought. So that being said he believed that since a computer cannot attribute meaning to any given idea it doesn’t have real thought or intelligence. While a human does.
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
They think that people will transfer their conscience into technology but that too is only a temporary solution as any technological military advance from a surrounding country can eliminate all online knowledge making everything go back to books
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
He thought we should give money to those in 3rd world countries as they typically have the most need.
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
He became famous because of his work on the treatment of animals
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
He openly challenges widely agreed upon stipulations.
Section #10
ReplyDeleteRacheal Clark
1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
"The Original Position", John Rawls calls it. He used this in his experiments of "Veil of Ignorance."
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people? It's a bit complicated but, it's basically where the poor will get their money if they truly need it.
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it? Testing AI whether or not it could know as much, or even more then people!
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something? You need to understand the meanings behind the concepts.
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality? That man kind will transfer our minds into computers.
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
He thought we should have some gratitude and be able to donate our goods to those of much poorer standing.
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
Treatment of animals, thought process, and his many publishes.
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
He challenged the system of Philosophy and how we'd react.
#10
ReplyDelete1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
The original position, it was trying to create a new society in which you don’t consider your own feelings.
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
If it directly affects the most poor in society.
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
AI test, a tester had to guess if they were talking to an AI or a human. John Searle opposed it.
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something?
Syntax and semantics.
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality?
Transferring our minds into computers, allowing us infinite “life”.
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
Some of our luxuries.
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
His book about the treatment of animals and other opinions.
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
Constantly challenged others opinions.
#11
ReplyDelete1. What did John Rawls call the thought experiment he believed would yield fair and just principles, and what was its primary device?
The original Position which he used in the experiments of Veil of Ignorance.
2. Under what circumstances would Rawls' theory permit huge inequalities of wealth between people?
He would permit inequalities of wealth permitted that the poor were taken care of especially if they helped in the production of the product.
3. What was the Imitation Game, and who devised a thought experiment to oppose it?
A test to see if people could determine whether they were talking to a person or an AI and see if it could know more than people. Searle devised the experiment to oppose it.
4. What, according to Searle, is involved in truly understanding something? Searle said that to truly understand something you have to understand the concept and not simply mimic it.
5. How do some philosophers think we might use computers to achieve immortality? Some think that eventually people will transfer their conscious into computers.
6. What does Peter Singer say we should sacrifice, to help stranger
He said we should sacrifice luxuries and materials that we have a surplus of to those that need them more.
7. Why did Singer first become famous?
His good treatment of animals and popular publishments
8. How does Singer represent the best tradition in philosophy?
He challenged dogma statements.
1. A matter of renouncing your hopes and dreams, accepting the limits of reality you are given, and resigning yourself to a life that will be less adventurous than you supposed when you began. I do not agree because we are the masters of our own minds and have the ability to romanticize our life if we so choose.
ReplyDelete2. Not really because a small child would have a hard time comprehending that there could be other possible worlds in existence.
3. Reason’s emancipation from its self-incurred immaturity.
4. The abysmal nature of contemporary culture since ‘I’ don’t use social media. I mostly disagree because contemporary culture extends away from social media, meaning social media is not the only source. Although obviously a person whom does not use social media does not understand contemporary culture specific to social media, yet as a whole can still be understood. Similarly I can understand how a tree lives as a whole but lack specific understanding of every chemical action between the tree and the mycorrhiza nutrient exchange.
5. Because none of none of the answers to question that really move us can be found by following a rule.
6. Growing up is a matter of respecting the claims of what reality should be vs. what it really is and meeting the best you can, knowing you will never succeed entirely but refusing to succumb to dogma and despair.
7. He believed that people need to grow into a culture that offers meaningful work, a sense of community, and faith that the world is responsive to their efforts. He observed that we have not made growing up a good option and our consumer culture has made a society of permanent adolescents. Which I 100% agree with him and the fact that most of the “adults” still act like children is very relevant today and it is because of our culture.
8. By describing life as a downhill process, we prepare young people to expect – and demand – very little from it.
9. The experience of making meaningful contributions to the community. We can fix our culture/way of life, but there are two major problems. One, the growing pains of our nation when we enact such a new way of life. Two, everyone agreeing on the right way to fix our childrearing. Which is a very hard concept to exactly decide the best way to do, since every option yields its own result.
10. Philosophy’s greatest task is to enlarge our sense of possibility.